What is seasonal affective disorder?It is more than the “winter blues” or a general feeling of sadness — it’s a major depressive disorder brought about by the lengthening periods of darkness.
It causes lethargy, low energy, difficulty waking up in the mornings and decreased concentration. It’s an issue that can have drastic effects on productivity in the winter months.
That is dependent on a variety of factors. But, in the UK and Ireland, it is thought to affect as many as one in three people. It’s likely someone you know in the workplace is beginning to struggle with it.
Broadly, SAD has the same outward signs as depression:
•persistent low mood
•loss of pleasure or interest in normal everyday activities
•irritability
•feelings of despair, guilt and worthlessness
•low self-esteem
•feeling stressed or anxious
•reduced sex drive
•becoming less sociable.
There are some SAD-specific signs, though, as follows.
•feeling less active than normal
•lethargy and sleepiness throughout the day
•difficulty concentrating
•an increased appetite, particularly for carbohydrates, which can cause weight gain.
There are some common, easily recognisable risk factors for seasonal affective disorder.
•Women are more likely to suffer from SAD — in fact, they are four times more likely to suffer than men.
•It is more common in everyone the further you get from the equator; the lower hours of sunlight are a big contributor.
•People with a family history of depression are more likely to develop SAD.
•You are more likely to first develop the disorder in younger life. It has even been reported in children.
The most significant and obvious difference between depression and seasonal affective disorder is that SAD is linked to the changing seasons, whereas depression is year-round.
Luckily there are ways to help with SAD that don’t work with “ordinary” depression.
There are some quick and easy ways to make the workplace more manageable for people who suffer from serious winter depression.
•Provide more light: offices can become rather dark and dreary when the sun starts setting earlier. Some employees may be seated at desks or in cubicles situated far from the nearest source of natural light. Try rearranging your floor plan to maximise the natural light available and consider moving people suffering from SAD closer to windows.
•Provide even more light: a lot of people suffering from SAD benefit greatly from a SAD lamp or light box, a form of light therapy that uses fluorescent lights to simulate the natural sun.
•Encourage more outdoor time: employees should be taking lunch away from their desks in all offices — it helps clear the mind and means people are ready to attack the afternoon’s tasks afresh. Encourage your staff to go further than the kitchen. Assuming the winter weather isn’t too harsh, lunchtime can be well spent going for a quick walk around the block. It’s about getting as much sunlight and positivity into the workday as possible. Consider short outdoor meetings and coffee runs.
•Help out with health: SAD can wreak havoc on the appetite, causing weight gain, which can make the associated depression harder to deal with. Provide healthier snacking options and hot drink options, such as diet drinks and soups and herbal teas.
Contact us to discuss this further.
To prepare for inclement weather, a winter plan should be put together with an associated risk assessment. This should be carried out well in advance, and revisited and revised throughout the cold period.
To make sure everyone understands what is expected of them, and to ensure the plan is as streamlined as possible, it should be completed alongside other areas of the business — for example HR, IT and the communications team. As part of any planning process, include a review of what happened last year so that new approaches can be adopted where processes were less than ideal.
Some areas that could be addressed as part of winter planning are outlined below.
Communication with employees
Staff need to know what is expected of them when bad weather strikes, as well as what they can expect from the organisation. From an HR point of view, it is important for staff to clearly understand what the consequences are of not being able to attend work, for example due to transport disruption or emergency childcare requirements. On the other side of the coin, facilities managers also need to plan for what happens if, for any reason, staff should not come into work, for example if a building loses power or if the heating system goes down.
Communicating with staff is key in these instances, so make sure that the communication plan is clear, approved, and aligned with communication from other departments. Also ensure that managers are on board and understand what is required.
Preventive maintenance
Bad weather and high winds can expose any building flaws, especially in areas such as roofs or windows. Before winter comes, carry out a condition survey to identify any potential problems, and prioritise them for repair.
Similarly, regularly inspect heating systems and any other plant required for emergencies, such as back-up generators. Proactive maintenance and regular inspections will help reduce the chance of failure when these bits of kit are most needed.
Slips and trips
Snow and ice are two obvious winter problems that can be a hindrance to any business. Make sure that supplies of grit are fully stocked, and that weather warnings are regularly checked so that the grit is used when needed. Staff employed to spread grit need proper personal protective equipment (PPE).
Do not forget inside the building too — staff bringing snow and ice in on their shoes can create slippery surfaces, so consider adding extra mats at the front doors to help keep the building clean and to absorb any extra wetness.
Also remember that slips and trips are not just isolated to times when snow falls. Darker mornings and evenings can cause more accidents, as can autumnal leaf fall. As part of maintenance checks, ensure external lighting is adequate and that entrances and pathways are kept clear of leaf litter and debris.
Staff working outdoors
As part of the maintenance team there might be people who are regularly working outdoors. Although minimum working temperatures do not apply for these workers, there is, however, still a duty of care to ensure that people are not working in unsafe conditions. This could mean that managers need to look at rotas to avoid staff working outside in the cold for long periods of time, as well as making sure there are adequate facilities for people to warm up and take a break. Additional PPE to account for the weather can also be appropriate — for example, having extra dry items of clothing and good waterproofs to help people stay warm.
Remote working
Part of the winter preparation might include making sure that people are able to work effectively from home. This might include checking that all staff have the relevant logins and permissions to access work servers remotely. As some staff might not regularly use these systems, ask everyone to check that they can work remotely ahead of time.
Equip fleet vehicles
Make sure fleet vehicles (including grey fleet vehicles) are prepared for winter conditions. This means making a considered decision as to whether winter tyres are necessary, as well as asking staff to undertake some basic checks on weather and road conditions before deciding to drive. It is also a good idea to put together a car “winter pack”, including a blanket, in-car phone charger and snow shovel. Staff can supplement this with personal items that could include warm clothing and food in case they do break down or are stuck on a motorway.
Managing sickness
Along with bad weather comes the dreaded winter flu. Facilities managers can play an important, if not visible, role in reducing the impact of staff illness spreading, for example by stocking up on soap and alcohol gels. It is also a good time to run a check on cleaning schedules to make sure that common areas are being properly, and thoroughly, cleaned to help reduce the spread of germs.
Furthermore, don’t forget that winter doesn’t always mean catching a cold. For some, it can also bring about the onset of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) as well as a propensity for less exercise and a change in diet. Keep this in mind — perhaps renew or re-launch any wellness campaigns, or work with caterers to develop hearty, but healthy, meals for the winter menu.
Contact us if you require further information.
Hello
We wanted to share with you some happy news. After 17 years together and many months of planning, Eric and I got married on 7th October 2019.
We got married at Rowton Castle on a lovely mild day surrounded by close family and friends. Everything was perfect.
My new name will be Emma Woodhouse. The business will remain Walker Health and Safety Services Limited.
Thank you. 🙂
At Rowton Castle. Photo Spinning Your Dreams. Dress Champagne and Roses. Flowers Floral Design by Nigel Whyles.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is provided by employers so employees can carry out their job. There are responsibilities that employees must take responsibility for when dealing with PPE. See previous blog Link.
The PPE Regulations stipulate that companies are unable to charge for PPE (under section 9 of the Health & Safety at work Act 1974 – see ACOP link below).
28 Under section 9 of the HSAW Act, no charge can be made to the worker for the provision of PPE which is used only at work. Section 9 of the HSAW Act states:
‘No employer shall levy or permit to be levied on any employee of his any charge in respect of anything done or provided in pursuance of any specific requirement of the relevant statutory provisions’. Section 9 applies to these Regulations because they impose a ‘specific requirement’, for example to provide PPE. It also relates to all charges including returnable deposits. An employer cannot ask for money to be paid to them by an employee for the provision of PPE whether returnable or otherwise.’
29 If employment has been terminated and the employee keeps the PPE without the employer’s permission, then provided it has been stipulated in the contract of employment, the employer may be able to deduct the cost of replacement from any wages owed.
From guidance, levy’s or deposits are not be appropriate, so therefore we would deter this course of action.
If PPE is constantly being asked for as it is defective, consider discussing defective wear with the supplier or the manufacturer. Request a credit or replacement FOC as they are not fit for purpose under Trading Standards.
If employees are asking for frequent replacement of PPE, consider looking to discreetly mark the item with UV marker pen with a serial number much the same as asset tags on company property to check that the item presented for replacement are those that were recently issued.
If there are repeat offenders this would need to go down the HR disciplinary route.
Contact us should you wish to discuss this topic.
There are serious health effects associated with the misuse of drugs including heart disease, HIV and Hepatitis C, psychological illnesses and a greater risk of accidents, to mention just a few. Understanding of the effects of drugs is an important element in the process of accepting that “social” drug users pose a health and safety risk to any organisation.
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 lists the drugs that are subject to control and classifies them in three categories according to their relative harmfulness when abused, as follows.
| Class A | including cocaine, heroin, LSD, mescalin, methadone, morphine, opium and injectable forms of Class B drugs. | |
| Class B | including oral preparations of amphetamines, barbiturates, codeine and methaqualone (mandrex), cannabis and cannabis resin. | |
| Class C | including most benzodiazepines (sleeping pills, tranquillisers, eg valium) and the harmful amphetamines. | |
Cannabis comes in two forms: herbal and resin. It is usually mixed with tobacco and smoked in the form of a hand rolled cigarette. Cannabis in both forms is a Class B drug.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Relaxed, happy, heightened sense of awareness | Dizziness, sickness, dry mouth, lips, tongue, feeling hungry, loss of co-ordination, panic and paranoia | Lung disease and lung cancer, bronchitis, asthma, high blood pressure, infertility, depression and some evidence points to schizophrenia |
Amphetamines are a group of synthetic drugs that are stimulants. They are often known as speed, billy or wizz. Often in powder form, it can be snorted through the nose, some are available in tablet form but it can also be injected. A strong, highly addictive form of amphetamine known as crystal meth can be smoked.
Most amphetamines are Class B drugs but crystal meth and amphetamines prepared in injection form are Class A drugs.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Sudden energy boost, talkative and excited — the high may last 4–8 hours | Once the high has worn off, a crash occurs, leaving the person feeling very tired (but unable to sleep) anxious and irritable. They may suffer from short-term dizziness and hallucinations | Burst blood vessels can lead to paralysis and may be fatal, insomnia, depression. As the body becomes tolerant of the drug, larger amounts are needed, leading to addiction |
Cocaine is a stimulant, often known as charlie, snow, toot or coke. Often available in a powder form which can be snorted through the nose or rubbed on the gums. The form of cocaine called crack can be smoked. Both cocaine and crack are Class A drugs.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Intense feelings of energy, well-being and self-confidence The high may last only up to 30 minutes. A crack high is more intense but may last only 10 minutes | Similar crash effect to amphetamine, raised blood pressure, tiredness and depression | Heart failure, depression, insomnia, extreme paranoia, extreme weight loss and malnutrition, impotence (in men) and damage to the nasal passages If taken when pregnant may cause harm to the baby — low birth weight, birth defects and the baby may be born addicted to cocaine |
Ecstasy is a synthetic stimulant, often known as E or pills. Its chemical name is Methyledioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Ecstasy is usually available in tablet form but a powdered form of MDMA is sometimes used. In England and Wales there have been an average of 27 deaths per year from people taking ecstasy. Ecstasy is a Class A drug.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Rush of energy, alertness, excited, happy, increased sense of affection towards people around them (ie exposing themselves to personal risk), often popular with clubbers as sound (especially music) and colours seem more intense | Dehydration is a major risk — if fluid levels drop dramatically dehydration can cause unconsciousness, coma or even death Similar crash effect to cocaine and amphetamines Dry mouth, nausea, raised blood pressure, heart pounding, depression, body can stiffen causing clenched jaws and grinding teeth | The use of ecstasy became widespread in the late 1980s Long-term effects have yet to be determined by the medical profession. The short-term effects can be fatal |
Heroin is a powerful sedative and painkiller. Heroin and codeine are derived from the opium poppy and are known as opiates. Heroin is a Class A drug and highly addictive, both physically and psychologically.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Intense feeling of relaxation and wellbeing | The purity of heroin differs dramatically in each batch. Often the products with which it is bulked up are also harmful and can cause allergic or toxic reactions Overdose is common when a stronger dose than the body can cope with is used and this can result in heart failure, unconsciousness and coma | Overdose effects can result in death through heart failure. Coma or unconsciousness can occur and there is a risk of choking on vomit when unconscious Respiratory failure (loss of normal lung function) can be fatal Injecting heroin has additional risks: sharing needles has the risk of Hepatitis C or HIV and damage to veins can lead to serious infections and abscesses |
The two most commonly used hallucinogens are Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and magic mushrooms.
Magic mushrooms are often called shrooms or mushies and be can eaten or boiled in liquid and then drunk.
LSD is synthetic liquid that is is usually dropped onto small squares of blotting paper which is then swallowed, often known as acid.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Hallucinogens are taken to experience a long-lasting series of hallucinations, known as a trip Time can appear to speed up or slow down. A mushroom trip can last 4–10 hours. An LSD trip lasts around 12 hours | Bad trips with frightening or disturbing hallucinations can occur leaving people feeling very disturbed Users may place themselves in physical danger and act irrationally or impulsively | Could make an existing mental health condition more severe |
Tranquilisers are a prescription medication designed to treat anxiety, depression and insomnia. Many tranquilisers are addictive if used regularly. They are available as tablets, as gel capsules, in injection form or as suppositories and are often known as mazzies, benzos or jellies.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Calming, sedating effect. They are misused to lessen the effects of a crash, after taking stimulants or to lessen the effects of drug withdrawal symptoms | Physically addictive — withdrawal symptoms may include: severe headache, nausea, anxiety and confusion | Physical addiction may lead to attempts to heighten the effect of the drug by crushing and injecting the powder form which contains chalk and may cause the veins to collapse. This can lead to serious infections or gangrene Gel caps that are melted down to inject can then re-solidify inside blood vessels, which can cause death |
Solvents are available both at home and in the workplace. There are over 200 solvents liberally available and they include paints, cleaning fluids and glue. Every year in the UK there is an average of 50 deaths from solvent misuse.
| Sought Effect | Short-term Effects | Potential Long-term Harm |
| Similar to alcohol: happy, laughing and uninhibited | Heart attack, vomiting and black outs | Heart failure, Liver, kidney and brain damage |
Please contact us if you require any assistance with this topic.
